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Internet addiction disorder (IAD), now more commonly called problematic Internet use (PIU), compulsive Internet use (CIU), Internet overuse, problematic computer use, pathological computer use, or iDisorder,〔Rosen, L. D. et al. (2012). iDisorder: Understanding Our Obsession with Technology and Overcoming Its Hold On Us. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230117570〕 refers to excessive computer use which interferes with daily life.〔 IAD was originally proposed as a disorder in a satirical hoax by Ivan Goldberg, M.D., in 1995,〔Beato, Greg (2010). Internet addiction: What once was a parody may soon be diagnostic. ().〕 although some later researchers have taken his essay seriously. He took pathological gambling, as diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), as his model for the description of IAD.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Internet Addictive Disorder (IAD) Diagnostic Criteria )〕 IAD receives coverage in the press, and the possible future classification of it as a psychological disorder continues to be debated and researched in the psychiatric community.〔http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=99602〕 A systematic review of PIU literature identified the lack of standardization in the concept as a major impediment to advancing this area of study. Other habits such as reading, playing computer games, or watching very large numbers of Internet videos, such as those on YouTube, are troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. IAD is often divided into subtypes by activity, such as gaming; online social networking; blogging; email; excessive, overwhelming, or inappropriate Internet pornography use; or Internet shopping (shopping addiction).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=eBay Addiction )〕 Opponents note that compulsive behaviors may not necessarily be addictive.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why internet addiction still doesn’t exist )〕 Internet addiction is a subset of a broader "technology addiction." Widespread obsession with technology goes back at least to radio in the 1930s and television in the 1960s, but it has exploded in importance during the digital age.〔 A study published in the journal ''Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking'' (2014) suggests that prevalence of Internet addiction varies considerably among countries and is inversely related to quality of life. ==A multidimensional construct== A conceptual model of PIU has been developed based on primary data collected from addiction researchers, psychologists, and health providers as well as older adolescents themselves.〔 That study identified seven concepts, or clusters, that make up PIU using a concept mapping approach. These seven clusters are: psychosocial risk factors; physical impairment; emotional impairment; social and functional impairment; risky Internet use; impulsive Internet use; and Internet use dependence. The last three constructs have not been previously identified. Risky Internet use are behaviors that increase risks of adverse consequences. It is not just the amount of time spent on the Internet that puts an adolescent at risk; how the time is spent is also an important consideration. The impulsive use construct describes an inability to maintain balance or control of internet use in relation to everyday life. Finally, the dependent use construct reflects the more severe symptoms that are typically associated with addictions, such as withdrawal symptoms. Thus, internet addiction may represent a severe form of PIU.〔 Other research also stresses the fact that the Internet addiction disorder is not a unidimensional but a multidimensional construct. Various facets of Internet use must be differentiated because of their differential predictors, mechanisms and consequences.〔Pawlikowski, M. et al. (in press, 2013). (Pathological internet use: It is a multidimensional and not a unidimensional construct ). Addiction Research & Theory.〕 Online activities which, if done in person, would normally be considered troublesome, such as compulsive gambling, or shopping, are sometimes called ''net compulsions''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Types of Internet addiction )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet addiction disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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